Russell McCormmach: The atomic theory of John William Nicholson. Helge Kragh: The First Subatomic Explanations of the Periodic System. Physics Today 30, 23–30 (April 1977)Īrmin Hermann (ed.): Der erste Quantenansatz für das Atom: Arthur Erich Haas (Battenberg, Stuttgart 1965) (Dokumente der Naturwissenschaft, Abt. Thomson and the Discovery of the Electron (Taylor & Francis, London 1997, esp. Joseph John Thomson: The Corpuscular Theory of Matter (Constable & Company, London 1907)Įdward Arthur Davis & Elisabeth Falconer: J.J. Joseph John Thomson: The structure of the atom (an evening lecture at the Royal Institution of London on March 10, 1905), published in the Proceedings of the Royal Institution of London (1905, 1–15) Joseph John Thomson: On the structure of the atom. Mayer: On the morphological laws of the configurations formed by magnets floating vertically and subjected to the attraction of a superposed magnet. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Īlfred M. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. The very small negatively charged electrons (contemporary estimates indicated an order of magnitude of 10 −15 m) were distributed in the atom like raisins inside a cake or like plums in a pudding, whence the popular nickname for Thomson's atomic model as the “plum pudding model”. Bohr model, description of the structure of atoms, especially that of hydrogen, proposed (1913) by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr.The Bohr model of the atom, a radical departure from earlier, classical descriptions, was the first that incorporated quantum theory and was the predecessor of wholly quantum-mechanical models. For Thomson it was natural to assume that this positive charge was continuously distributed throughout the atom, whose radius was estimated at the time to be around 10 −12 m. Because under normal conditions chemical atoms are electrically neutral, the total electric charge of all these negatively charged electrons had to be compensated for by an equal amount of positive charge. They would have to have stable positions in it, bound by electrostatic and possibly kinetic forces. Chemical properties would thus have to depend on the number and constellations of these corpuscles inside the atom. Very soon afterwards, Thomson began to think about how to explain the periodicity of properties of the chemical elements in terms of these negatively charged corpuscles as atomic constituents. Others soon called it ► electron, despite Thomson's stubborn preference for his original term, borrowed from Robert Boyle (1627–91) to denote any particlelike structure. In 1897, Joseph John Thomson (1856–1940) had announced the discovery of a corpuscle.
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